Abstract
From a review and documentary analysis of legal and historical landmarks of the Unified Health System over the past three decades, are signaled the main guidelines for the formation of policy and professional health education with as a matter of study: Why else Doctors in Brazil? The situational diagnosis of the need for doctors in Brazil is analyzed in an international comparative perspective. For the More Doctors Program is not merely another point strategy among other government initiatives of the reporting period, at the end, they present some “paths” aimed at promoting the sustainability of this action and contribute to expand and qualify primary care in Brazil.